A system is a set of elements that are in relations and interconnections with each other, which form a certain unity, integrity.
The main systemic principles include:
1) integrity – the principal irreducibility of the properties of the system in the sum of the properties, the composition of its elements and not derivable from the latter properties of the whole;
2) structurality – the possibility of describing the system through the establishment of its structure, as well as the conditionality of the behavior of the system of its elements only by the properties of its structure;
3) interdependence of the system and the environment – the system functions and shows its properties in the process of interaction with the environment, being an active component of the interaction; 4) hierarchy – each component of the system can be considered as a system, and the system under study is a component of a wider system
5) plurality of description – each system is characterized by complexity of processes occurring in them.
Financial system: concept, determining factors.
The financial system is a set of subjects of economy, the leading of which is the state, and relations connecting them about formation and use of financial resources. The financial system is formed at a certain stage of economic development.
The peculiarity of the financial system is determined by: 1) the role of the state in the economy; 2) the existing relations to property; 3) the level of development of the economic system.
Features of the financial system.
1 )dynamism of formation: the creation of a market-type financial system in a short period of time;
2) instability of functioning;
3) openness to the world financial system;
4) low level of monetization;
5) limited implementation of the main functions: reproductive (low level of saturation of the economy), informational, stimulating.
Financial system: structure.
Emission and credit system.
The issue and credit system is a set of economic entities authorized to conduct these activities, as well as economic relations mediating the issue and circulation of cash and non-cash money in the state, as well as relations about the state credit and public debt.
Budgetary System.
The budget system is a set of budgets of all levels: federal, local, subjects, economic relations that form them, as well as the subjects of management.
Enterprises, institutions, organizations as elements of the financial system. Commercial organizations. Non-profit organizations. Organization. Institution.
Enterprises, institutions, organizations, etc. are active elements of the financial system because their activities are materially justified. According to the Civil Code, all legal entities are divided into commercial and non-commercial organizations. All of them, with the exception of state municipal enterprises, have separate property and are liable for their debts independently without the involvement of institutions. The purpose and the main activity of non-commercial organizations is to make profit. According to the organizational and economic approach, an enterprise is a legal entity that carries out production or other economic activities in the sphere of material production. Organization – a legal entity that carries out activities in the non-production sphere (technological, supply, sales), as well as in the sphere of services. Institution – a special type of organization formed to define a type of activity to perform public functions. The concept of institution includes: the apparatus of central and local authorities, central bodies of state administration (ministries, committees, departments), organizations carrying out social, cultural and other functions not related to material production (universities, theaters, cinemas). Enterprises and organizations can be commercial and non-commercial, and institutions are necessarily non-commercial organizations, but can be with the right of commercial activity.
